How to compare lenders for first-time homebuyers

One of the most overwhelming aspects of being a first-time homebuyer is finding a mortgage lender. It might be tempting just to go to the financial institution where you bank. While certainly a good starting point, you’ll want to compare other options as well to ensure you’re getting the lowest possible rate and best terms for your situation. Read on to learn more about how to compare lenders as a first-timer.

Types of mortgage lenders for first-time homebuyers

To help you pinpoint the best mortgage lenders for first-time buyers, here’s an overview of the types of mortgage lenders you can compare:

• Banks: Banks offer banking, investing and loan products, including mortgages. You might opt to work with one of the big banks, such as Bank of America or Chase, or a local community or regional bank. With most banks, you can start the mortgage application process at a branch location or online. If you’re already a customer, you might be eligible for a discounted rate or reduced fees on your loan.
• Credit unions: Similar to banks, credit unions are financial institutions, but you often need to meet membership requirements to join. For example, you might need to live in a specific area or work in a specific industry. Credit unions typically offer lower mortgage rates for first-time homebuyers and more personalized service, but you might have limited loan options compared to a bank or non-bank lender.
• Non-bank lenders: Sometimes referred to as independent or non-depository institutions, non-bank lenders offer mortgages either exclusively or with other types of loans. Many non-bank lenders operate online and tend to have quick turnaround times for preapprovals and closings. Some don’t charge fees, either.
• Brokers: A mortgage broker isn’t a lender, but rather an individual or company that connects borrowers to lenders. The broker compares multiple lenders and loan options on your behalf and counsels you on the best option — a valuable service when you want to compare mortgages as a first-time buyer. Usually, the lender pays the broker’s fee and then passes that cost onto you.

If you don’t know where to start when comparing mortgage rates and lenders, an online marketplace like Bankrate can help you identify lenders and rate trends without needing to hop between websites. If you see a lender you like, many marketplaces also directly connect you with the lender for next steps.

How to compare lenders as a first-time homebuyer

When comparing mortgage lenders as a first-time buyer, you will want to consider several factors. Loan products may look similar on the surface, but the details can make a big difference over the life of the loan itself — often 15, 20, or 30 years. There are variables to compare such as interest rate, fees and down payment requirements, all of which can impact your monthly payment by hundreds of dollars.

Types of mortgages offered

Not all lenders offer every kind of mortgage, so start by figuring out what loan type you want. For instance, if you qualify for a VA home loan, you’ll want to narrow your search to lenders that not only offer but also specialize in these mortgages. If you are hunting in a high-cost-of-living area, you may need to explore a jumbo loan to make your first home purchase a reality. Knowing the different types of mortgages available and which may best fit your situation can help you make the best decision when it comes to selecting a lender.

One key distinguishing factor between loan types is whether you choose a fixed or adjustable-rate (ARM) mortgage. Again, not every lender offers both types — so once you know which best suits you, you’ll be able to narrow down prospective lenders accordingly.

Interest rate and APR

The mortgage interest rate is the charge you pay for borrowing money, calculated and expressed as a percentage of the loan amount. The APR, which stands for annual percentage rate, includes the interest rate and other costs associated with the loan. The APR is almost always higher than the interest rate. Both percentages are listed on your loan estimate so you can easily compare costs between lenders.

Closing costs

Your closing costs — extra fees and expenses that you pay upfront, on closing day — can vary based on the lender. Some lenders don’t charge an origination fee, for example, or might waive or reduce costs. Here’s a list of common closing costs:

• Mortgage origination fee
• Mortgage points
• Application fee
• Appraisal fee
• Credit check fee
• Title search fee
• Processing fee

Be on the lookout for extra or inflated fees. That’s why it’s important to compare at least two, and ideally three, lenders, so you’ll have a sense of what’s considered standard versus excessive for your area.

Like the interest rate and APR, closing costs are itemized on your loan estimate — but on this document, they’re only estimates, not final numbers.

Down payment

The best mortgage lenders for first-time buyers generally offer specific programs that allow you to put less money down. For first-time homeowners, lenders can often approve a loan with as little as 3 percent down. If you’re looking to buy without depleting your savings, look closely at the down payment requirement as you compare mortgage offers.

Mortgage insurance

First-time buyers may find that they need to pay for mortgage insurance, which covers the risk associated with financing their loan, if they put down less than 20 percent on their home. In the event you default on your mortgage payments, your insurance premiums will cover the lender’s loss (though not your responsibility as the borrower).

Depending on the type of loan you get, your lender may or may not require mortgage insurance coverage. The insurance policy — and payment — will generally remain in place until you reach a certain loan-to-value (LTV) ratio on your home or reach the halfway point of your mortgage term, whichever comes first.

Two of the most common types of mortgage insurance are private mortgage insurance (PMI), usually affiliated with conventional mortgage loans, and the FHA-specific mortgage insurance premium (MIP). Both involve a monthly cost that is typically wrapped into your mortgage payment; MIP also includes an upfront cost that is due at closing. Also, MIP is in place for the lifetime of the loan if you put down less than 10 percent.

While these considerations all focus on cost, choosing a suitable mortgage lender also means selecting one that meets your payment flexibility and customer service needs.

Keep in mind there are a number of programs — some only available through specific lenders — that are available to first-time homebuyers.

Questions to ask mortgage lenders as a first-time homebuyer

Once you know the exact costs for your situation, you can start comparing other important factors. For example, you might ask:

• What paperwork and documentation do you need to get approved for the loan? There are many personal and financial documents needed for mortgage preapproval. Get an idea of what’s needed on the front end of the process in order to optimize your chances for preapproval.
• Can you go through the mortgage application process online or over the phone, or do you need to visit a location in person? Depending on your current location and where you are looking to buy, getting to a brick-and-mortar banking branch during business hours may be inconvenient or even impossible for you. Conversely, perhaps you prefer to meet with your lender face-to-face.
• Does the lender offer any first-time homebuyer programs? These can make your purchase more affordable, both at closing and over time.
• Will the lender work with you if your credit isn’t up to par? Buying a house with bad credit may be a tough road, but not an impossible one, to travel. Ask your lender if there are options available for borrowers with less-than-stellar credit. But also know that a more flexible loan often comes at a price.
• Does the lender allow you to lock your rate? If so, for how long and how much does it cost? Though not always necessary, a mortgage rate lock can be a solid move in certain market conditions. Ask prospective lenders if this is an option and — if so — what costs might be involved.
• Can the lender meet your closing timeline? If moving on a schedule is necessary — say, to align with school schedules or the start of a new job — be realistic. If a lender cannot close on the timeline needed, it may be best to explore other options.
• Is the lender easy to get in touch with? There will almost certainly be a lot of back-and-forth during the loan application process. The last thing you’ll want to spend time doing is playing phone (or e-mail, or chat) tag with customer service or your loan officer. Ask about what communication methods are available, on what days of the week, and at what times of day.
• Does the lender answer all of your questions to your satisfaction? Don’t be afraid to ask lots of questions — it will likely have plenty in return. Remember that it is the lender’s job to earn your business, even though you are also seeking approval to borrow.
• What have past customers had to say about their experiences? Check out lender reviews to see what benefits and complaints borrowers who’ve gone before you have to share. If you encounter negative reviews that repeat common concerns, it may not be a coincidence.
• Are there any special perks to working with the lender (for example, a free credit repair service or down payment savings match)? If you encounter multiple lenders with the same loan terms, these extras may be a deciding factor.
• Does the lender offer refinancing or home equity products? Down the road, you may want to tap into your home equity to pay for repairs or even consolidate other debts. Being able to stay with the same lender can be a huge convenience, so if you anticipate leveraging your equity in the future, this may be a consideration for you upfront.

With so many mortgage options out there, diligence is key when searching for the best mortgage lenders for first-time buyers. Take your time comparing at least three lenders to learn their loan offerings and rates, and ask questions about what you can expect from the experience.

Ultimately, it’s best to go with the lender who gives you what you need at the lowest possible rate.