HO-3 vs HO-5 insurance for homeowners
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Key takeaways
- HO-3 and HO-5 policies differ in how they cover your personal belongings.
- Both HO-3s and HO-5s exclude certain types of damage, such as flooding and earthquakes, from coverage.
- HO-5s are generally more expensive, as they provide broader financial protection.
HO-3 and HO-5 are both common types of homeowners insurance policies. The coverage included in HO-3 and HO-5 policies offers financial protection from damage to your home, other structures on your property and your personal belongings, as well as liability coverage. HO-3 insurance policies provide open peril coverage for your dwelling and other structures, plus the flexibility of adding coverage through endorsements. While coverage to the dwelling and other structures is similar, an HO-5 offers more extensive coverage for personal property. In this guide, Bankrate’s insurance editorial team explains the ins and outs of HO-5 vs. HO-3 insurance to help you make an informed decision when selecting a policy for your home.
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What’s the difference between an HO-3 and HO-5 policy?
To understand the difference between HO-3 vs. HO-5 home insurance, you have to know a bit about how insurance works. Home insurance policies provide coverage for insurance perils, or types of losses. Policies can provide coverage in two ways: named perils and open perils. Named perils means only the specific types of damage listed in the policy are covered, while open perils means anything that isn’t specifically listed under the homeowners insurance exclusions portion of the policy is covered.
Open perils coverage is broader, which tends to make the claims process smoother. When you have named perils coverage, you bear the burden of proving that your damage actually occurred from a covered, named loss. With open perils coverage, the burden falls on the home insurance company to prove that your claim should not be covered.
Both HO-3 and HO-5 policies include open perils coverage for the actual structure of your home and any detached structures. However, HO-5 policies are typically geared toward high-value homes with dwelling coverage of around $750K or higher.
The most significant difference between HO-3 vs. HO-5 home insurance is the coverage for personal property. Anything in your home that is not permanently attached to the structure is considered personal property. This includes everything from clothing and electronics to curtains and furniture. HO-3 policies only cover personal property for named perils. If you want open perils coverage for your belongings, you will need an HO-5 policy or an endorsement added to your HO-3 (if available).
The other key difference between HO-3 and HO-5 policies is how insurance companies calculate claim payouts for your personal property. HO-5 policies generally come with replacement cost value (RCV) coverage for the contents of your home, while HO-3 policies usually offer actual cash value (ACV). With ACV, instead of receiving money for the current market cost to replace your items, you get the value of items minus the cost of depreciation. However, most insurance companies offer a personal property replacement cost endorsement for HO-3 policies, which may add about 10 percent more to the policy premium.
As always, it is a good idea to read your policy documents and ask questions, since the exact coverage you are purchasing may vary from company to company. If you are unsure what your homeowners policy covers, talking to your company or your agent is a good idea.
Learn more: How to read a homeowners insurance policy
| HO-3 | HO-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| Dwelling coverage | Open perils | Open perils |
| Other structures coverage | Open perils | Open perils |
| Personal property coverage | Named perils, potentially with ACV claim payout | Open perils, likely with RCV claim payout |
What isn’t covered by HO-3s and HO-5s?
While a policy can protect your finances from many different types of damage, home insurance doesn’t cover everything. Both HO-3 and HO-5 policies generally have several coverage exclusions, including:
- Flooding
- Earthquake and earth movement
- Issues caused by poor maintenance
- Pests
- Maintenance costs
- Mold
- Sewer backup and sump pump failure
- Damage caused during the course of business
- The full cost of some high-value items
While these exclusions are fairly standard, keep in mind that HO-3 policies only cover personal property damage caused by the perils listed in the policy. This means that if your belongings are damaged by an event that is not specifically covered, it’s excluded.
Named perils vs. open perils
Now that you know the difference between an HO-3 and an HO-5 policy, let’s delve deeper into insurance perils. To recap: a peril is a cause of damage like a fire, windstorm or theft. Both HO-3 and HO-5 policies use open perils coverage for your home’s structure and any detached structures like a shed or gazebo. However, HO-3 policies only cover your personal belongings for named perils, while HO-5 policies also cover your belongings on an open peril basis. Understanding how your personal property is covered could help you choose which policy type best fits your needs.
What are named perils?
HO-3 policies cover your personal property from damage caused by named perils — those that are spelled out in the policy. There are typically 16 named perils, and they are generally the same, though there might be differences depending on the state you live in and your insurer.
The most commonly covered named perils are:
- Fire and lightning
- Windstorms and hail
- Explosions
- Riots or civil unrest
- Damage caused by aircraft
- Damage caused by vehicles
- Smoke
- Vandalism
- Theft
- Falling objects (such as a tree that falls on your house)
- The weight of ice, snow and sleet
- An accidental overflow of water or steam
- Sudden and accidental tearing, cracking, burning or bulging in household systems
- Freezing
- Sudden and accidental damage due to an electrical current
- Volcanic eruptions
What are open perils?
A policy written to cover open perils means you are covered for any kind of peril not specifically excluded in the policy. Common exclusions include flood damage, sewer backups, mold or fungal damage, earthquakes and mechanical breakdowns.
Many insurers offer optional policy endorsements, or added coverage options, that will cover some of these additional perils that might otherwise be excluded. A common endorsement, for example, covers sewer backup damage.
HO-3 vs HO-5 home insurance: how to choose
Since HO-5 policies provide broader coverage, they tend to cost more than HO-3 policies. By paying a higher premium, your personal property will be covered for more loss scenarios than if you purchased an HO-3. That said, the 16 named perils on an HO-3 policy cover the most frequent claims. According to the Insurance Information Institute, 90.9 percent of home claims made in 2022 were for fire, wind, hail, water damage and theft.
Damage caused by an animal you don’t own is an example of a peril that an HO-3 policy would not cover but an HO-5 policy would. Typically, animal damage is not a named peril on an HO-3 policy, and HO-5 policies usually exclude damage from an animal owned by the policyholder. However, foxes, deer, raccoons and even bears can find their way into homes and wreak havoc. If you live somewhere this is common, you might benefit from more extensive coverage.
Due to HO-5 policies having more stringent underwriting guidelines that not every homeowner will qualify for, it is ultimately an insurer’s call on whether an HO-5 policy is an option for you. If you qualify and an HO-5 policy is within your budget, keep in mind that it might give you more extensive coverage for your personal property than an HO-3 policy. However, if you do not have the budget for the additional coverage, do not need it or do not qualify for an HO-5 policy, an HO-3 policy may be sufficient.
Frequently asked questions
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Generally, yes. HO-5 policies are usually more expensive than HO-3 policies because they offer broader coverage for your personal property. However, there are many factors that impact the cost of your homeowners insurance, including where your home is located. Requesting HO-3 and HO-5 quotes from multiple insurance companies may help you determine which is right for you. When shopping around, remember to specify the same coverage limits (or as close as possible) in order to make a fair comparison.
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Neither an HO-3 nor an HO-5 will cover flooding. To cover flood damage to your home, you will need a separate flood insurance policy. You can purchase flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) or a private insurer. Flood policies through the NFIP offer personal property coverage up to $100,000. Some private insurance companies offer separate flood insurance policies or flood insurance as an endorsement, so it may be worth getting multiple quotes to compare premiums.
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Whether your insurance policy includes actual cash value coverage, which subtracts depreciation from a payout, or replacement cost coverage is something that you will work out when you purchase your policy. Many insurers offer replacement cost coverage as an endorsement with an HO-3 policy; it is more likely to be standard with an HO-5. Working with a licensed agent could help you decide which option fits your needs.
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The process of filing a homeowners insurance claim is the same whether you have an HO-3 or HO-5 policy and can be broken down into these three steps:
- Take action to prevent further damage to the property.
- Document the loss.
- Contact the insurance provider to submit the claim.
Usually, the only difference between an HO-3 vs. HO-5 claim is how your personal property is covered. The insurance provider could deny the claim if the proximate cause of loss is not a named peril on an HO-3 policy or is an excluded peril on an HO-5 policy. And for a covered HO-3 claim, policyholders would receive a claim payout up to the policy limit for their personal belongings minus depreciation (unless they purchased a personal property replacement cost endorsement), whereas HO-5 policies typically pay out on a replacement cost basis that doesn’t consider depreciation.
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One policy is not better than the other. The policy you ultimately decide on should be one that provides adequate coverage for an affordable premium. Since an HO-5 policy offers open perils coverage, the insurance company takes on the burden of proof with regard to why something wouldn’t be covered. For an HO-3 policy, homeowners carry this burden and need to prove why a loss is covered.
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The requirements for HO-5 policy eligibility vary depending on the insurance provider. HO-5 policies tend to be for high-value homes, but most of the underwriting criteria focus on the condition of the home and policyholder characteristics. Aside from the home being free from damage, the policyholder usually needs a clean claims history and a good to excellent insurance risk classification.
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